The ST population are the original settlers of the land in the Western Ghats of Goa, who are in the phase of remarkable transformation in their socio-economic characteristics. This study investigates the transition of the Scheduled Tribe population in Goa in general and specifically focuses on the Cavorem-Pirla village panchayat in the Quepem Sub-Division of Goa. Historically and agriculturally significant, the study region has witnessed a profound shift from traditional agricultural practices to non-agricultural activities driven by factors and influences of modernisation and changing, less-straining economic opportunities. The younger generations increasingly prefer seeking employment in urban centres; thereby, traditional livelihoods and cultural identities are facing challenges. Utilising a mixed-methods approach, the research incorporates qualitative and quantitative data gathered through field surveys, personal interviews through a structured questionnaire-schedule and focus group discussions with ST households. Findings reveal the intricate pressures of modernisation, highlighting the necessity of promoting economic growth with emphasis on women workforce participation and youth employment. The study also assesses the effectiveness of local governance in the provision of access to basic facilities, addressing the rights and needs of the resident population. There is diversity in the development of the ST population, where some wards of the Cavorem-Pirla panchayat are still isolated from the development initiatives in getting access to the basic amenities and healthcare facilities. The primitive lifestyle and occupations are gradually diminishing, accompanied by the emerging opportunities for them. The study has brought up actionable recommendations for empowering local communities to promote agricultural practices and develop self-employment opportunities for the all-around welfare and development of the ST population in their original and nearby habitat.