International Journal of Contemporary Research In Multidisciplinary, 2026;5(1):89-94
Fabricating Lead-Free CH₃NH₃SnI₃ Perovskite Absorber Layer from Powders to High-Quality Thin Film
Author Name: Komal Teotia; Annveer Singh; A.P. Singh;
Abstract
Lead-based perovskites have dominated the field of optoelectronics due to their exceptional efficiency, while their inherent toxicity poses environmental challenges. In this study, we report an eco-friendly synthesis route for lead-free methylammonium tin iodide (CH₃NH₃SnI₃) perovskite thin films, using commercially available powders as precursors. The perovskite films were fabricated via a spin-coating process under a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by low-temperature annealing. Structural characterisation using X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a cubic perovskite phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed uniform, good film formation. Optical characterisation indicated a direct bandgap of 1.31 eV and robust visible light absorption. This facile and environmentally conscious method offers a sustainable pathway for developing high-quality, lead-free perovskites for next-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
Keywords
Methylammonium tin iodide, Thin-film, Spin coating, XRD, SEM.