Agriculture has historically been the backbone of India’s rural economy, serving as the primary source of livelihood, food security, and raw materials for various industries. Despite the success of the Green Revolution in the 1960s, which transformed India from a food-deficient nation into a self-sufficient and surplus-producing economy, structural challenges continue to hinder agricultural progress. These challenges include fragmented landholdings, declining per capita cultivable land, migration-induced labor shortages, inadequate infrastructure, post-harvest losses, and unequal access to markets. Small and marginal farmers, who constitute over 86 percent of farming households, remain particularly vulnerable due to limited resources and market linkages. This paper emphasizes the urgent need for agricultural revival and sustainable rural development. The revival process rests on five key pillars technology, risk management, institutional support, skill development, and policy reforms. Technological innovations such as climate-resilient crops, artificial intelligence, and precision farming are critical to enhancing productivity. Effective risk management, including crop insurance and credit schemes, can safeguard farmers’ incomes against natural calamities and market fluctuations. Institutional frameworks, particularly cooperatives and rural credit agencies, play a vital role in providing affordable inputs, credit, and marketing support. Skill development initiatives empower rural youth to engage in agri-business, value addition, and allied activities. Policy interventions, including the New Agricultural Policy 2020, aim to modernize markets, encourage contract farming, and attract private investment in infrastructure and cold chains. Rural development, however, extends beyond agriculture. Diversification into allied sectors such as dairy, poultry, fisheries, and horticulture, combined with government initiatives like PM-KISAN, Operation Greens, Soil Health Cards, and MGNREGA, can ensure inclusive growth. By 2035, with India’s population projected to reach 1.6 billion, sustainable agricultural strategies will be indispensable to meet rising food demand, reduce rural poverty, and secure national development.