Desert ecosystems, though often perceived as barren and lifeless, are complex and dynamic environments shaped by unique climatic and geomorphological factors. These ecosystems support a variety of plant and animal species that have adapted to extreme conditions of aridity, high temperatures, and nutrient-poor soils. The interplay between climate, geomorphology, and biodiversity in deserts has profound implications for ecosystem functioning, species interactions, and ecosystem services. This research explores how climatic variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind, along with geomorphological factors like soil composition, topography, and erosion processes, influence the diversity and functioning of desert ecosystems. Additionally, the study addresses the challenges posed by climate change, human activities, and desertification on these fragile environments. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for conservation efforts and the sustainable management of desert landscapes in a rapidly changing world.