This study assesses the impact of fuel price fluctuations on the profitability of road transport businesses in the Sinazongwe District of Zambia. The transport sector is central to the region’s economy, connecting communities and markets while depending heavily on fuel as a core operational input. Given the volatility of fuel prices, the research examines how these changes influence financial performance, operational costs, and strategic decision-making among transport operators.

A mixed-methods research design was adopted, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data comprised historical fuel prices and financial performance records from a representative sample of transportation businesses over five years, analyzed to identify correlations between fuel price variations and profit margins. Complementing this, qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and operators provided insights into adaptive strategies, cost-management practices, and operational challenges arising from fluctuating fuel prices.

The findings reveal a clear inverse relationship between rising fuel prices and transport profitability. As prices increased, operators reported shrinking profit margins due to their limited capacity to raise fares without risking customer loss. Many small operators, in particular, struggled to balance competitive pricing with escalating operational costs. The study also found that persistent price hikes often compelled businesses to reduce trip frequency, downsize fleets, or delay maintenance—all of which affected service quality and customer satisfaction.

Despite these challenges, several operators adopted adaptive strategies such as route optimization, fuel-efficient vehicles, and cooperative purchasing to reduce expenses. Larger operators were generally better equipped to implement these innovations, while smaller enterprises remained more vulnerable. The research highlights the need for policy interventions—including targeted subsidies, incentives for adopting alternative energy sources, and infrastructure investment—to mitigate the impact of fuel price volatility and enhance the sustainability of the transport sector.

Overall, this study contributes to transport economics by illustrating the intricate link between external economic factors and local business viability. It calls on policymakers to stabilize fuel pricing and strengthen support systems for transport operators. Ensuring a resilient and efficient transport network is vital not only for business profitability but also for sustaining economic growth and community connectivity within the Sinazongwe District.